Traditional herbal prescription 'Kyung-Ok-Ko', possibility to prevent pulmonary damage from fine dust inhalation
A study based on animal experiments published in SCI-grade international journal indicates that 'Kyung-Ok-Ko', an traditional herbal prescription recorded in the Donguibogam, can prevent pulmonary damage from fine dust inhalation.
The team led by Jong-sup Bae, a professor at Kyungpook National University's School of Pharmacy, confirmed the inhibitory effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko on the respiratory system against oxidative stress and airway inflammation caused by fine dust inhalation in a research paper based on results from animal experiments titled "Inhibitory Effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko, Traditional Herbal Prescription, on Particulate Matter-induced Vascular Barrier Disruptive Responses."
The research paper was published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research in November, 2018.
The research began in May 2018 and continued for seven months. The research team first induced pulmonary damage in experimental rats with ultrafine dust (PM 2.5). They then divided the rats into two groups, one which was given Kyung-Ok-Ko and another which was not, to observe inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular permeability and changes in pulmonary tissue. The study consisted of carrying out cellular and animal experiments and subsequently evaluating the results.
Fine dust interferes with normal interactions between endothelial cells, increasing vascular permeability. This can result in the release of various toxic substances, inflammatory proteins, and harmful materials into tissues, causing disease.
The experiment results showed that the higher vascular permeability induced by the exposure to fine dust decreased significantly in the group that was given Kyung-Ok-Ko. Additionally, the manifestation of 'p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases', known to cause the collapse of vascular interaction, also decreased with the administration of Kyung-Ok-Ko.
Kyung-Ok-Ko's effect on reactive oxygen species reduction was also observed. Fine dust is known to have adverse effects on mitochondria, an organelle involved in energy production in the body, causing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress increases reactive oxygen species, which can result in aggravated inflammatory responses and tissue damage.
In the experiment, the rats treated with Kyung-Ok-Ko exhibited a 58% decrease in reactive oxygen species in lung endothelial cells compared to the untreated group. Kyung-Ok-Ko's preventive effects on inflammation-related indicators were also confirmed with the treated group's results. Inflammatory illnesses are diverse and complex in vivo reactions, which can cause leukocyte migration and deposition, and increased cytokine (inflammatory mediator) manifestation, resulting in diseases.
This experiment has further confirmed that the inhalation of fine dust results in leukocyte migration in the lungs, aggravated manifestation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and tissue damage. However, the Kyung-Ok-Ko treated group exhibited 58% less leukocyte migration, 61% less IL-6, and 59% less TNF-α manifestation than the untreated group. Histological analysis also confirmed that pulmonary tissue damage could be suppressed.
Professor Bae has contended that "the efficacy of Kyung-Ok-Ko has not only been passed down through various literature such as Donguibogam and Bangyakhapyun but also has been scientifically proven through numerous research papers" and that "it is significant that we have scientifically proven the possibility that Kyung-Ok-Ko can aid in the prevention of health complications including respiratory problems and pulmonary damage from fine dust inhalation."
The team led by Jong-sup Bae, a professor at Kyungpook National University's School of Pharmacy, confirmed the inhibitory effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko on the respiratory system against oxidative stress and airway inflammation caused by fine dust inhalation in a research paper based on results from animal experiments titled "Inhibitory Effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko, Traditional Herbal Prescription, on Particulate Matter-induced Vascular Barrier Disruptive Responses."
The research paper was published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research in November, 2018.
The research began in May 2018 and continued for seven months. The research team first induced pulmonary damage in experimental rats with ultrafine dust (PM 2.5). They then divided the rats into two groups, one which was given Kyung-Ok-Ko and another which was not, to observe inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular permeability and changes in pulmonary tissue. The study consisted of carrying out cellular and animal experiments and subsequently evaluating the results.
Fine dust interferes with normal interactions between endothelial cells, increasing vascular permeability. This can result in the release of various toxic substances, inflammatory proteins, and harmful materials into tissues, causing disease.
The experiment results showed that the higher vascular permeability induced by the exposure to fine dust decreased significantly in the group that was given Kyung-Ok-Ko. Additionally, the manifestation of 'p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases', known to cause the collapse of vascular interaction, also decreased with the administration of Kyung-Ok-Ko.
Kyung-Ok-Ko's effect on reactive oxygen species reduction was also observed. Fine dust is known to have adverse effects on mitochondria, an organelle involved in energy production in the body, causing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress increases reactive oxygen species, which can result in aggravated inflammatory responses and tissue damage.
In the experiment, the rats treated with Kyung-Ok-Ko exhibited a 58% decrease in reactive oxygen species in lung endothelial cells compared to the untreated group. Kyung-Ok-Ko's preventive effects on inflammation-related indicators were also confirmed with the treated group's results. Inflammatory illnesses are diverse and complex in vivo reactions, which can cause leukocyte migration and deposition, and increased cytokine (inflammatory mediator) manifestation, resulting in diseases.
This experiment has further confirmed that the inhalation of fine dust results in leukocyte migration in the lungs, aggravated manifestation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and tissue damage. However, the Kyung-Ok-Ko treated group exhibited 58% less leukocyte migration, 61% less IL-6, and 59% less TNF-α manifestation than the untreated group. Histological analysis also confirmed that pulmonary tissue damage could be suppressed.
Professor Bae has contended that "the efficacy of Kyung-Ok-Ko has not only been passed down through various literature such as Donguibogam and Bangyakhapyun but also has been scientifically proven through numerous research papers" and that "it is significant that we have scientifically proven the possibility that Kyung-Ok-Ko can aid in the prevention of health complications including respiratory problems and pulmonary damage from fine dust inhalation."
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